Mumps

Definition:

Mumps is an acute, contagious, viral disease that causes painful enlargement of the salivary or parotid glands.

Causes, and risk factors:

The mumps is spread from person-to-person by respiratory droplets or direct contact with articles that have been contaminated with infected saliva.

.

Incidence

Unvaccinated children between the ages of 2 and 12 are most commonly infected, but the infection can occur in other age groups.

The disease is infrequent and accounts for several hundred cases per year.

The parotid glands are often swollen. Other organs may be involved, including the testes, the central nervous system, and the pancreas.

Incubation period is usually 12 to 24 days.

Symptoms:

• face pain
• swelling of the parotid glands
• fever
• headache
• sore throat
• swelling of the temples or jaw (temporomandibular area)
• Additional symptoms in males that may be associated with this disease:
• testicle pain
• testicle lump
• scrotal swelling

Signs and tests:

• A physical examination confirms the presence of the swollen glands.
• Serology EIA: enzyme immunoassay: IgM appear within a few days. IgG in acute and convalescent serums will show significant increase.
• Virus isolation from saliva, CSF, Urine.

 Prevention:

1. Outbreak control and booster administration to susceptible persons: Immunoglobulin not effective

2. MMR immunization (vaccine) protects against measles, mumps, and rubella.Isolated in 1945. MMR is supplied as a lyophilized powder reconstituted with sterile water. It contain small amount of neomycin, sorbitol, and gelatin.

Schedule:

• It should be given to children at 12and 18 months of age.

• Adults born after 1957 or later no vaccinated can get one MMR vaccine

• Persons born before 1957 should be considered as  immune against Mumps.

• Pregnant females should not be vaccinated with MMR. All adult females should have a pregnancy test before vaccination.

• Persons with the natural disease should be vaccinated.

Adverse Reactions;

• Local reactions
• Fever
• Rash
• Rarely parotid gland swelling.
• CNS dysfunction ( deafness-encephalitis-)
• Orchitis

Contraindications to vaccination:

• Hx. of allergic reaction to vaccine components
• Anaphylactic reaction are usually secondary to allergy to gelatin not eggs as previously. Can be administered to children with egg allergy.
• Immune deficiency or suppression
• Severe illness at the time of vaccination.
• Recent administration of immune globulin. Give vaccine 2 weeks before or 3 months after.

Storage:

• 2 to 8 degree C
• Use within 8 hours post reconstitution.

Dr Paul Assad

CDC Epidemiology and prevention of vaccine preventable diseases. 6^th ed. Jan 2000